The Sphingidae of Southeast-Asia    

 

(incl. New Guinea, Bismarck & Solomon Islands)                                                Back to start page           

 


by Jan Beck & Ian J. Kitching   

 

 

Systematic species list

 

Click each species for a link to pictures, range map and further information.

Some species are also covered in the Sphingidae of the Eastern Palaearctic (A. R. Pittaway & I. J. Kitching), or Sphingidae of the Western Palaearctic (A. R. Pittaway) and have a direct link ('SphinEP', 'SphinWP') to the respective site. All pictures of specimens are copyright of the Natural History Museum (London) if not stated otherwise. For nomenclature and recognition of species and subspecies, see Introduction. For better resolution save distribution maps of interest on your local harddrive and open them in a picture viewing program.

 

 

Family SPHINGIDAE Latreille, 1802

 

Subfamily SMERINTHINAE Grote & Robinson, 1865

 

Tribus Smerinthini Grote & Robinson, 1865

 

Genus Langia Moore, 1872

Langia zenzeroides Moore, 1872

 

Genus Smerinthus Latreille, [1802]

Smerinthus szechuanus (Clark, 1938)

 

Genus Craspedortha Mell, 1922

Craspedortha montana Cadiou, 2000

Craspedortha porphyria (Butler, 1876)

 

Genus Parum Rothschild & Jordan, 1903

Parum colligata (Walker, 1856)

 

Genus Anambulyx Rothschild & Jordan, 1903

Anambulyx elwesi (Druce, 1882)

 

Genus Marumba Moore, [1882]

Marumba amboinicus (C. Felder, 1861)

Marumba cristata (Butler, 1875)

Marumba diehli Rösler & Küppers, 1975

Marumba dyras (Walker, 1856)

Marumba gaschkewitschii (Bremer & Grey, 1853)

Marumba juvencus Rothschild & Jordan, 1912

Marumba saishiuana Okamoto, 1924

Marumba spectabilis (Butler, 1875)

Marumba sperchius (Ménétriés, 1857)

Marumba tigrina Gehlen, 1936

Marumba timora Rothschild & Jordan, 1903

 

Genus Morwennius Cassidy, Allen & Harman, 2002

Morwennius decoratus (Moore, 1872)

 

Genus Daphnusa Walker, 1856

Daphnusa ailanti (Boisduval, [1875])

Daphnusa ocellaris Walker, 1856

 

Genus Phyllosphingia Swinhoe, 1897

Phyllosphingia dissimilis (Bremer, 1861)

 

Genus Rhodambulyx Mell, 1939

Rhodambulyx schnitzleri Cadiou, 1990

 

Genus Rhodoprasina Rothschild & Jordan, 1903

Rhodoprasina callantha Jordan, 1929

Rhodoprasina corolla Cadiou & Kitching, 1990

Rhodoprasina corrigenda Kitching & Cadiou, 1996

Rhodoprasina winbrechlini Brechlin, 1996

 

Genus Cypoides Matsumura, 1921

Cypoides chinensis (Rothschild & Jordan, 1903)

 

Genus Cypa Walker, [1865]

Cypa bouyeri Cadiou, 1998

Cypa claggi Clark, 1938

Cypa decolor (Walker, 1856)

Cypa duponti Roepke, 1941

Cypa enodis Jordan, 1931

Cypa kitchingi Cadiou, 1997

Cypa latericia Inoue, 1991

Cypa terranea (Butler, 1876)

Cypa uniformis Mell, 1922

 

Genus Smerinthulus Huwe, 1895

Smerinthulus diehli Hayes, [1982]

Smerinthulus dohrni Rothschild & Jordan, 1903

Smerinthulus myanmarensis Brechlin, 2000

Smerinthulus perversa (Rothschild, 1895)

Smerinthulus quadripunctatus Huwe, 1895

 

Genus Degmaptera Hampson, 1896

Degmaptera mirabilis (Rothschild, 1894)

Degmaptera olivacea (Rothschild, 1894)

 

Genus Opistoclanis Jordan, 1929

Opistoclanis hawkeri (Joicey & Talbot, 1921)

 

Genus Callambulyx Rothschild & Jordan, 1903

Callambulyx amanda Rothschild & Jordan, 1903

Callambulyx junonia (Butler, 1881)

Callambulyx poecilus (Rothschild, 1898)

Callambulyx rubricosa (Walker, 1856)

Callambulyx schintlmeisteri Brechlin, 1997

 

Genus Sataspes Moore, [1858]

Sataspes cerberus G. Semper, 1896

Sataspes infernalis (Westwood, 1847)

Sataspes ribbei Röber, 1885

Sataspes tagalica Boisduval, [1875]

 

Genus Leucophlebia Westwood, 1847

Leucophlebia frederkingi Eitschberger, 2003

Leucophlebia lineata Westwood, 1847

 

Genus Clanis Hübner, [1819]

Clanis bilineata (Walker, 1866)

Clanis euroa Rothschild & Jordan, 1903

Clanis hyperion Cadiou & Kitching, 1990

Clanis negritensis Hogenes & Treadaway, 1993

Clanis orhanti Haxaire, 2001

Clanis phalaris (Cramer, 1777)

Clanis pratti Joicey & Talbot, 1921

Clanis schwartzi Cadiou, 1993

Clanis stenosema Rothschild & Jordan, 1907

Clanis surigaoensis Clark, 1928

Clanis titan Rothschild & Jordan, 1903

Clanis undulosa Moore, 1879

 

Genus Polyptychus Hübner, [1819]

Polyptychus claudiae Brechlin, Kitching & Cadiou, 2001

Polyptychus trilineatus Moore, 1888

 

Tribus Sphingulini Rothschild & Jordan, 1903

 

Genus Pentateucha Swinhoe, 1908

Pentateucha curiosa Swinhoe, 1908

 

Genus Dolbina Staudinger, 1877

Dolbina inexacta (Walker, 1856)

Dolbina krikkeni Roesler & Küppers, 1975

Dolbina schnitzleri Cadiou, 1997

 

      Genus Coenotes Rothschild & Jordan, 1903

        Coenotes jakli Haxaire & Melichar, 2007

 

Tribus  Ambulycini Butler, 1876

 

Genus Ambulyx Westwood, 1847

Ambulyx andangi Brechlin, 1998

Ambulyx bakeri (Clark, 1929)

Ambulyx bima (Rothschild & Jordan, 1903)

Ambulyx canescens Walker, [1865]

Ambulyx carycina (Jordan, 1919)

Ambulyx ceramensis (Joicey & Talbot, 1921)

Ambulyx charlesi (Clark, 1924)

Ambulyx clavata (Jordan, 1929)

Ambulyx cyclasticta (Joicey & Kaye, 1917)

Ambulyx dohertyi Rothschild, 1894

Ambulyx immaculata (Clark, 1924)

Ambulyx inouei Cadiou & Holloway, 1985

Ambulyx johnsoni (Clark, 1917)

Ambulyx joiceyi (Clark, 1923)

Ambulyx jordani (Bethune-Baker, 1910)

Ambulyx kuangtungensis (Mell, 1922)

Ambulyx liturata Butler, 1875

Ambulyx meeki (Rothschild & Jordan, 1903)

Ambulyx montana Cadiou & Kitching, 1990

Ambulyx moorei Moore, [1858]

Ambulyx naessigi Brechlin, 1998

Ambulyx obliterata (Rothschild, 1920)

Ambulyx ochracea Butler, 1885

Ambulyx phalaris (Jordan, 1919)

Ambulyx pryeri Distant, 1887

Ambulyx pseudoclavata Inoue, [1996]

Ambulyx rudloffi Brechlin, 2006

Ambulyx schauffelbergeri Bremer & Grey, 1853

Ambulyx schmickae Brechlin, 1998

Ambulyx semifervens (Walker, [1865])

Ambulyx semiplacida Inoue, 1990

Ambulyx sericeipennis Butler, 1875

Ambulyx siamensis Inoue, 1991

Ambulyx staudingeri Rothschild, 1894

Ambulyx substrigilis Westwood, 1847

Ambulyx suluensis Hogenes & Treadaway, 1998

Ambulyx tattina (Jordan, 1919)

Ambulyx tenimberi (Clark, 1929)

Ambulyx tondanoi (Clark, 1930)

Ambulyx wildei Miskin, 1891

Ambulyx wilemani (Rothschild & Jordan, 1916)

 

Genus Barbourion Clark, 1934

Barbourion lemaii (Le Moult, 1933)

 

Genus Amplypterus Hübner, [1819]

Amplypterus mansoni (Clark, 1924)

Amplypterus panopus (Cramer, 1779)

 

 

Subfamily SPHINGINAE Latreille, 1802

 

Tribus Sphingini Latreille, 1802

 

Genus Sphinx Linnaeus, 1758

Sphinx caligineus (Butler, 1877)

Sphinx oberthueri (Rothschild & Jordan, 1903)

 

Genus Apocalypsis Rothschild & Jordan, 1903

Apocalypsis velox (Butler, 1876)

 

Genus Poliana Rothschild & Jordan, 1903

Poliana albescens Inoue, 1996

Poliana leucomelas Rothschild & Jordan, 1915

 

Genus Meganoton Boisduval, [1875]

Meganoton analis (R. Felder, [1874])

Meganoton hyloicoides Rothschild, 1910

Meganoton nyctiphanes (Walker, 1856)

Meganoton rubescens (Butler, [1876])

Meganoton yunnanfuana Clark, 1925

 

Genus Psilogramma Rothschild & Jordan, 1903

Psilogramma andamanica Brechlin, 2001

Psilogramma casuarinae Walker, 1856

Psilogramma floresica Brechlin, 2001

Psilogramma increta (Walker, [1865])

Psilogramma kitchingi Brechlin & Lachlan, 2001

Psilogramma menephron (Cramer, 1780)

Psilogramma orientalis Brechlin, 2001

Psilogramma papuensis Brechlin, 2001

Psilogramma salomonis Brechlin, 2001

Psilogramma sulawesica Brechlin, 2001

Psilogramma sundana Brechlin, 2001

Psilogramma tanimbarica Brechlin, 2001

Psilogramma villani Kitching, Treadaway & Hogenes, 2000

Psilogramma wetarensis Brechlin, 2001

 

Genus Ihlegramma Eitschberger, 2003

Ihlegramma ihlei Eitschberger, 2003

 

Tribus Acherontiini Boisduval, 1875

 

Genus Megacorma Rothschild & Jordan, 1903

Megacorma obliqua (Walker, 1856)

 

Genus Agrius Hübner, [1819]

Agrius convolvuli (Linnaeus, 1758)

Agrius luctifera (Walker, [1865])

 

Genus Acherontia [Laspeyres], 1809

Acherontia lachesis (Fabricius, 1798)

Acherontia styx Westwood, 1847

 

 

Subfamily  MACROGLOSSINAE Harris, 1839 

 

Tribus Dilophonotini Burmeister, 1878

 

Genus Hemaris Dalman, 1816

Hemaris venata (C. Felder, 1861)

 

Genus Cephonodes Hübner, [1819]

Cephonodes janus (ssp. austrosundanus) Miskin, 1891

Cephonodes banksi Clark, 1923

Cephonodes hylas (Linnaeus, [1771])

Cephonodes picus (Cramer, 1777)

Cephonodes rothschildi Rebel, 1907

Cephonodes titan Rothschild, 1899

Cephonodes woodfordi Butler, 1889

 

Tribus Macroglossini Harris, 1839

 

Genus Sphecodina Blanchard, 1840

Sphecodina caudata (Bremer & Grey, 1853)

 

Genus Neogurelca Hogenes & Treadaway, 1993

Neogurelca himachala (Butler, [1876])

Neogurelca hyas (Walker, 1856)

 

Genus Sphingonaepiopsis Wallengren, 1858

Sphingonaepiopsis pumilio (Boisduval, [1875])

 

Genus Nephele Hübner, [1819]

Nephele hespera (Fabricius, 1775)

Nephele joiceyi Clark, 1923

 

Genus Angonyx Boisduval, [1875]

Angonyx boisduvali Rothschild, 1894

Angonyx bismarcki Clark, 1929

Angonyx excellens (Rothschild, 1911)

Angonyx kai Eitschberger, 2006

Angonyx meeki Rothschild & Jordan, 1903

Angonyx papuana Rothschild & Jordan, 1903

Angonyx testacea (Walker, 1856)

 

Genus Cizara Walker, 1856

Cizara sculpta (R. Felder, [1874])

 

Genus Hayesiana Fletcher, 1982

Hayesiana triopus (Westwood, 1847)

 

Genus Eurypteryx R. Felder, [1874]

Eurypteryx alleni Hogenes & Treadaway, 1993

Eurypteryx bhaga (Moore, [1866])

Eurypteryx falcata Gehlen, 1922

Eurypteryx geoffreyi Cadiou & Kitching, 1990

Eurypteryx molucca R. Felder, [1874]

Eurypteryx obtruncata Rothschild & Jordan, 1903

Eurypteryx shelfordi Rothschild & Jordan, 1903

 

Genus Giganteopalpus Huwe, 1895

Giganteopalpus mirabilis (Rothschild, 1895)

 

Genus Altijuba Lachlan, 1999

Altijuba oktediensis Lachlan, 1999

 

Genus Daphnis Hübner, [1819]

Daphnis dohertyi Rothschild, 1897

Daphnis hayesi Cadiou, 1988

Daphnis hypothous (Cramer, 1780)

Daphnis nerii (Linnaeus, 1758)

Daphnis placida (Walker, 1856)

Daphnis protrudens R. Felder, [1874]

Daphnis vriesi Hogenes & Treadaway, 1993

 

Genus Gnathothlibus Wallengren, 1858

Gnathothlibus brendelli Hayes, 1983

Gnathothlibus dabrera Eitschberger, 1999

Gnathothlibus eras (Boisduval, 1832)

Gnathothlibus erotus (Cramer, 1777)

Gnathothlibus heliodes (Meyrick, 1889)

Gnathothlibus meeki (Rothschild & Jordan, 1907)

Gnathothlibus vanuatuensis Lachlan & Moulds, 2003

 

Genus Dahira Moore, 1888

Dahira bruno Bryk, 1944

Dahira falcata Hayes, 1963

Dahira obliquifascia (Hampson, 1910)

Dahira pinratanai Cadiou, 1991

Dahira rebeccae Hogenes & Treadaway, 1999

Dahira rubiginosa Moore, 1888

Dahira yunnanfuana Clark, 1925

 

Genus Ampelophaga Bremer & Grey, 1853

Ampelophaga dolichoides (R. Felder, [1874])

Ampelophaga khasiana Rothschild, 1895

Ampelophaga rubiginosa Bremer & Grey, 1853

 

(Genus Darapsa Walker, 1856)

(Darapsa myron (Cramer, 1779))

 

Genus Eupanacra Cadiou & Holloway, 1989

Eupanacra angulata (Clark, 1923)

Eupanacra automedon (Walker, 1856)

Eupanacra busiris (Walker, 1856)

Eupanacra cadioui Hogenes & Treadaway, 1993

Eupanacra elegantulus (Herrich-Schaeffer, [1856])

Eupanacra greetae Cadiou & Holloway, 1989

Eupanacra harmani Cadiou & Holloway, 1989

Eupanacra hollowayi Tennent, 1991

Eupanacra malayana (Rothschild & Jordan, 1903)

Eupanacra metallica (Butler, 1875)

Eupanacra micholitzi (Rothschild & Jordan, 1893)

Eupanacra mindanaensis Brechlin, 2000

Eupanacra mydon (Walker, 1856)

Eupanacra perfecta (Butler, 1875)

Eupanacra poulardi Cadiou & Holloway, 1989

Eupanacra psaltria (Jordan, 1923)

Eupanacra pulchella (Rothschild & Jordan, 1907)

Eupanacra radians (Gehlen, 1930)

Eupanacra regularis (Butler, 1875)

Eupanacra sinuata (Rothschild & Jordan, 1903)

Eupanacra splendens (Rothschild, 1894)

Eupanacra tiridates (Boisduval, [1875])

Eupanacra treadawayi Cadiou, 1995

Eupanacra variolosa (Walker, 1856)

 

Genus Enpinanga Rothschild & Jordan, 1903

Enpinanga assamensis (Walker, 1856)

Enpinanga borneensis (Butler, 1879)

Enpinanga vigens (Butler, 1879)

 

Genus Elibia Walker, 1856

Elibia dolichus (Westwood, 1847)

Elibia linigera Boisduval, [1875]

 

Genus Acosmerycoides Mell, 1922

Acosmerycoides harterti  (Rothschild, 1895)

 

Genus Acosmeryx Boisduval, [1875]

Acosmeryx anceus (Stoll, 1781)

Acosmeryx beatae Cadiou, 2005

Acosmeryx castanea Rothschild & Jordan, 1903

Acosmeryx miskini (Murray, 1873)

Acosmeryx naga (Moore, [1858])

Acosmeryx omissa Rothschild & Jordan, 1903

Acosmeryx pseudomissa Mell, 1922

Acosmeryx pseudonaga Brechlin & Kitching, 2007

Acosmeryx sericeus (Walker, 1856)

Acosmeryx shervillii Boisduval, [1875]

Acosmeryx sinjaevi Brechlin & Kitching, 1996

Acosmeryx socrates Boisduval, [1875]

Acosmeryx tenggarensis Brechlin & Kitching, 2007

 

Genus Micracosmeryx Mell, 1922

Micracosmeryx chaochauensis (Clark, 1922)

 

Genus Macroglossum Scopoli, 1777

Macroglossum adustum Rothschild & Jordan, 1916

Macroglossum affictitia Butler, 1875

Macroglossum albigutta Rothschild & Jordan, 1903

Macroglossum albolineata Clark, 1935

Macroglossum alcedo Boisduval, 1832

Macroglossum amoenum Rothschild & Jordan, 1903

Macroglossum aquila Boisduval, [1875]

Macroglossum arimasi Hogenes & Treadaway, 1993

Macroglossum augarra Rothschild, 1904

Macroglossum avicula Boisduval, [1875]

Macroglossum belis (Linnaeus, 1758)

Macroglossum bombylans Boisduval, [1875]

Macroglossum buini Clark, 1926

Macroglossum buruensis Holland, 1900

Macroglossum cadioui Schnitzler & Speidel, 2004

Macroglossum caldum Jordan, 1926

Macroglossum calescens Butler, 1882

Macroglossum castaneum Rothschild & Jordan, 1903

Macroglossum clemensi Cadiou, 1998

Macroglossum corythus Walker, 1856

Macroglossum divergens Walker, 1856

Macroglossum dohertyi Rothschild, 1894

Macroglossum eichhorni Rothschild & Jordan, 1903

Macroglossum faro (Cramer, 1779)

Macroglossum fritzei Rothschild & Jordan, 1903

Macroglossum fruhstorferi Huwe, 1895

Macroglossum glaucoptera Butler, 1875

Macroglossum gyrans Walker, 1856

Macroglossum haslami Clark, 1922

Macroglossum haxairei Eitschberger, 2003

Macroglossum hemichroma Butler, 1875

Macroglossum hirundo Boisduval, 1832

Macroglossum insipida Butler, 1875

Macroglossum jani Hogenes & Treadaway, 1998

Macroglossum kitchingi Cadiou, 1997

Macroglossum lepidum Rothschild & Jordan, 1915

Macroglossum limata Swinhoe, 1892

Macroglossum mediovitta Rothschild & Jordan, 1903

Macroglossum meeki Rothschild & Jordan, 1903

Macroglossum melanoleuca Cadiou & Schnitzler, 2001

Macroglossum melas Rothschild & Jordan, 1903

Macroglossum micacea Walker, 1856

Macroglossum mitchellii Boisduval, [1875]

Macroglossum moecki Rütimeyer, 1969

Macroglossum mouldsi Lachlan & Kitching, 2001

Macroglossum multifascia Rothschild & Jordan, 1903

Macroglossum nemesis Cadiou, 1998

Macroglossum neotroglodytus Kitching & Cadiou, 2000

Macroglossum nigellum Rothschild & Jordan, 1916

Macroglossum nubilum Rothschild & Jordan, 1903

Macroglossum nycteris Kollar, [1844]

Macroglossum passalus (Drury, 1773)

Macroglossum paukstadtorum Eitschberger 2005

Macroglossum phocinum Rothschild & Jordan, 1903

Macroglossum poecilum Rothschild & Jordan, 1903

Macroglossum prometheus Boisduval, [1875]

Macroglossum pyrrhosticta Butler, 1875

Macroglossum rectans Rothschild & Jordan, 1903

Macroglossum reithi Cadiou, 1997

Macroglossum saga Butler, 1878

Macroglossum schnitzleri Cadiou, 1998

Macroglossum semifasciata Hampson, [1893]

Macroglossum sitiene Walker, 1856

Macroglossum spilonotum Rothschild & Jordan, 1912

Macroglossum stevensi Clark, 1935

Macroglossum stigma Rothschild & Jordan, 1903

Macroglossum sulai Eitschberger, 2003

Macroglossum sylvia Boisduval, 1875

Macroglossum tenebrosa Lucas, 1891

Macroglossum tenimberi Clark, 1920

Macroglossum ungues Rothschild & Jordan, 1903

Macroglossum vacillans Walker, [1865]

Macroglossum vandenberghi Hogenes, 1984

Macroglossum variegatum Rothschild & Jordan, 1903

Macroglossum vicinum Jordan, 1923

Macroglossum vidua Rothschild & Jordan, 1903

 

 

Tribus Choerocampina Grote & Robinson, 1865

 

Genus Hyles Hübner, [1819]

Hyles livornica (Esper, 1780)

 

Genus Deilephila [Laspeyres], 1809

Deilephila elpenor (Linnaeus, 1758)

 

Genus Hippotion Hübner, [1819]

Hippotion boerhaviae (Fabricius, 1775)

Hippotion brennus (Stoll, 1782)

Hippotion brunnea (G. Semper, 1896)

Hippotion celerio (Linnaeus, 1758)

Hippotion commatum Rothschild & Jordan, 1915

Hippotion echeclus (Boisduval, [1875])

Hippotion joiceyi Clark, 1922

Hippotion paukstadti Cadiou, 1995

Hippotion rafflesii (Moore, [1858])

Hippotion rosetta (Swinhoe, 1892)

Hippotion velox (Fabricius, 1793)

 

Genus Pergesa Walker, 1856

Pergesa acteus (Cramer, 1779)

 

Genus Theretra Hübner,  [1819]

Theretra alecto (Linnaeus, 1758)

Theretra babarensis Eitschberger, 2005

Theretra boisduvalii (Bugnion, 1839)

Theretra clotho (Drury, 1773)

Theretra gala Cadiou, 1999

Theretra hausmanni Eitschberger, 2000

Theretra incarnata Rothschild & Jordan, 1903

Theretra indistincta (Butler, 1877)

Theretra insignis (Butler, 1882)

Theretra insularis (Swinhoe, 1892)

Theretra japonica (Boisduval, 1869)

Theretra latreillii (W. S. Macleay, 1826)

Theretra lycetus (Cramer, 1775)

Theretra manilae Clark, 1922

Theretra molops Jordan, 1926

Theretra muricolor Jordan, 1926

Theretra natashae Cadiou, 1995

Theretra nessus (Drury, 1773)

Theretra oldenlandiae (Fabricius, 1775)

Theretra pallicosta (Walker, 1856)

Theretra polistratus Rothschild, 1904

Theretra radiosa Rothschild & Jordan, 1916

Theretra rhesus (Boisduval, [1875])

Theretra silhetensis (Walker, 1856)

Theretra suffusa (Walker, 1856)

Theretra sugii Cadiou, 1995

Theretra tryoni (Miskin, 1891)

Theretra turneri (Lucas, 1891)

 

Genus Griseosphinx Cadiou & Kitching, 1990

Griseosphinx marchandi Cadiou, 1996

Griseosphinx preechari Cadiou & Kitching, 1990

 

Genus Rhagastis Rothschild & Jordan, 1903

Rhagastis acuta (Walker, 1856)

Rhagastis albomarginatus (Rothschild, 1894)

Rhagastis castor (Walker, 1856)

Rhagastis confusa Rothschild & Jordan, 1903

Rhagastis gloriosa (Butler, 1875)

Rhagastis hayesi Diehl, [1982]

Rhagastis lunata (Rothschild, 1900)

Rhagastis olivacea (Moore, 1872)

Rhagastis rubetra Rothschild & Jordan, 1907

Rhagastis velata (Walker, 1866)

 

Genus Cechenena Rothschild & Jordan, 1903

Cechenena aegrota (Butler, 1875)

Cechenena chimaera (Rothschild, 1894)

Cechenena helops (Walker, 1856)

Cechenena lineosa (Walker, 1856)

Cechenena minor (Butler, 1875)

Cechenena mirabilis (Butler, 1875)

Cechenena pollux (Boisduval, [1875])

Cechenena scotti Rothschild, 1920

Cechenena subangustata Rothschild, 1920

Cechenena transpacifica Clark, 1923